Migration has played a pivotal role in shaping the demographic and socio-economic landscape of Tripura, particularly in its capital city, Agartala. Over the past two decades, Agartala has witnessed rapid urbanization driven primarily by rural-to-urban migration. This paper explores the key factors contributing to this migration trend, including employment opportunities, improved infrastructure, educational and healthcare facilities, and the influence of modern urban lifestyles. The expansion of service and informal sectors, establishment of government and private institutions, and enhancement in communication and transport networks have collectively transformed Agartala into an economic hub attracting rural populations. Statistical data indicate that Agartala’s population has surged by over 240% from 2000 to 2024, with migration rates rising annually between 3% and 5%. The migration is predominantly motivated by education and employment, with a growing participation of women in recent years. However, this demographic shift raises critical questions about the socio-economic balance between rural and urban areas, as wealth and resources increasingly concentrate in the capital. The study concludes that sustainable regional development policies—focusing on strengthening rural education, healthcare, and employment—are essential to manage future migration patterns and ensure equitable growth across Tripura.